For his groundbreaking contribution to cosmology. He laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in cosmology, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precision science.

For finding and characterizing the orbits and masses of the first planets around other stars, thereby revolutionizing our understanding of the processes that form planets and planetary systems.

For discovering that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating, implying in the simplest interpretation that the energy density of space is non-vanishing even in the absence of any matter and radiation.

In recognition of his lifetime achievements in theoretical astrophysics and planetary sciences.

In recognition of his outstanding contributions in demonstrating that the Milky Way contains a supermassive black hole at its centre.

In recognition of his outstanding life-time contributions in theoretical astronomy.

For their leadership of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) experiment, which has enabled precise determinations of the fundamental cosmological parameters, including the geometry, age and composition of the universe.

For their leadership of space missions that enabled the demonstration of the cosmological origin of gamma ray bursts, the brightest sources known in the universe.

For their discovery and characterization of trans-Neptunian bodies, an archeological treasure dating back to the formation of the solar system and the long-sought source of short period comets.

For their discoveries on DNA cloning and genetic engineering.

For his discoveries on DNA polymorphism and its influence on human genetics.

For his contribution to modern cancer epidemiology.

For his discoveries on calcium signalling in the regulation of cellular activity.

For his discovery of the biochemical basis of programmed cell death, a vital process that balances cell birth and defends against cancer.

For his relentless elucidation of the major receptor system that mediates the response of cells and organs to drugs and hormones.

For their recent pivotal innovations in reversing the process of cell differentiation in mammals, a phenomenon which advances our knowledge of developmental biology.

For their work leading to the discovery of leptin, a hormone that regulates food intake and body weight.

For his seminal discoveries of molecular mechanisms by which the skin senses painful stimuli and temperature and produces pain hypersensitivity.

For their discovery of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogens.

For their contributions to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of protein folding. Proper protein folding is essential for many cellular functions.

For his initiation of the field of global differential geometry and his continued leadership of the field, resulting in beautiful developments that are at the centre of contemporary mathematics.

For his proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.

For his contributions to mathematics, and to the new interdisciplinary fields of pattern theory and vision research.

For his contributions to the new interdisciplinary field of mathematics mechanization.

For initiating and developing a grand unifying vision of mathematics that connects prime numbers with symmetry.

For their widespread and influential contributions to Mathematical Physics.

For their many brilliant contributions to geometry in 3 and 4 dimensions.

For his profound work in mathematical analysis and its application to partial differential equations, mathematical physics, combinatorics, number theory, ergodic theory and theoretical computer science.

For their highly innovative works on nonlinear partial differential equations in Lorentzian and Riemannian geometry and their applications to general relativity and topology.

For his pioneering works in algebra, geometry and mathematical physics and in particular deformation quantization, motivic integration and mirror symmetry.